PGS, (preimplantation genetic screening), stands for testing of overall chromosomal normalcy in IVF embryos. It involves taking embryo biopsy from an IVF embryo and screen for normal number of chromosomes before embryo transfer.
PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis), involves removing a cell from an IVF embryo to rule out a specific genetic condition, to exclude a particular genetic condition, before transferring the embryo to the uterus.
These tests are performed at our centre in collaboration with Iviomics (Spanish company).
Embryo biopsy is done to diagnose embryo quality for chromosomal or genetic abnormality. It is generally performed for patients at high risk of inheriting a chromosomal disorder or a genetic disease. By using this technique we can avoid transferring genetically abnormal embryos.
PGS (also called aneuploidy screening) involves checking the chromosomes of the embryos conceived by IVF/ICSI for common abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities are a major cause of the failure of embryos to implant and of miscarriages/abortions. They can also cause conditions like Down’s syndrome.
Most of the patients are confused for the condition in which PGS is best for you. Before any decision about genetic testing is taken, we review each couples history /family history and offer the best possible option to them. But generally your doctor may recommend PGS if:
However, various studies have questioned whether or not PGS is really effective at increasing the chances of a live birth.
Step 1: You undergo a normal IVF/ICSI treatment to collect and fertilize your eggs.
Step 2: The embryo is grown in the lab for two to three days till the cells have divided and the embryo consists of around eight cells.
Step 3: A specialized embryologist removes one or two of the cells (blastomeres) from the embryo for testing.
Step 4: The chromosomes are examined to see how many there are and whether they are normal or not.
Step 5: One/two/three of the embryos without abnormal numbers of chromosomes are transferred to the womb so that they can develop. And if any embryos are left they can be frozen for later use.
Step 6: The embryos with abnormal chromosomes are allowed to perish or may be used for research (with the patient’s consent).
Step 7: Testing at day 5 or 6: It is possible that instead of removing and testing one or two cells from a day two or day three old embryo, some centers may allow the embryo to develop up to day 5 or 6, when there are approximately 100-150 cells.
More cells may be removed at this stage without compromising the viability of the embryo, possibly leading to a more accurate test.
Some centers may test eggs for chromosomal abnormalities before they are used to create embryos. Polar bodies (small cells extruded by eggs while they mature) can be extracted and tested.
Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), Few clinics are now using a procedure called comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) which allows them to test for abnormalities in all 23 chromosomes.
These abnormalities may or may not be of great biological significance, but their presence will lower the chance of finding any suitable embryos for transfer.
Some of the risks in PGS treatment are similar to those for conventional IVF.
It can be performed for a patient at high risk of carrying an inheritable genetic disease. Using this technique, embryos that do not carry the disease can be selected for transfer.
We carry out PGD procedure in collaboration with IVIOMICS. The whole PGD procedure for testing is done by specialist team of IVIOMICS (from Spain) in their specialized laboratory.
PGD involves extracting a cell from the IVF embryo and tests it for some specific genetic condition or disorder like cystic fibrosis. Once it’s examined and identified to be safe, it’s transferred to the child.
PGD procedure or Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis is a latest technique, which combines the recent spectacular advances in molecular genetics and assisted reproductive technology (ART). Before the establishment of pregnancy, it enables the doctors to identify genetic diseases in the embryo prior to implantation.
It enables people with an inheritable condition in their family to avoid passing it on to their children. It involves testing the genes of embryos created through IVF.
In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF), because it is being done outside the body and has the advantage to undergo a testing to identify genetic defects in embryos. Amniocentesis or Chorionic villus sampling done to diagnose genetic defects are carried out during pregnancy, in case of test resulting positive, a very difficult step like termination of pregnancy is the only option to go for.
But, Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis PGD/PGS has empowered the doctors to save the couple from getting into such problems.
Your doctor may recommend PGD treatment to you if:
PGD procedure can be used to test for virtually any genetic condition, where a specific single gene is known to cause that condition. It is currently approved for over 250 genetic conditions.
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD treatment) can also be called as a technique that enables people with a specific inherited condition in their family to avoid passing it on to their children. It involves checking the genes of embryos developed through IVF for a particular genetic condition.
Most of the risks involved in PGD treatment process are similar to those for conventional IVF.
The procedure for PGD procedure is normally as follows:
Step 1: You undergo normal in vitro fertilization (IVF) process to collect and fertilize your eggs.
Step 2: The embryo is grown in the lab for few (two to three) days until the cells have divided and the embryo consists of approx. eight cells.
Step 3: A specialized embryologist removes one or two of the cells (blastomeres) from the embryo.
Step 4: The cells are tested in detail to see if the embryo from which they were removed contains the gene that causes that genetic condition in the family.
Step 5: The embryo unaffected by the condition is transferred to the womb and allowed to grow.
Step 6: Any suitable remaining unaffected embryos can be frozen/cryopreserved for later use. Those embryos that are affected by the condition are allowed to perish or with the patient’s consent, used for research.
Short comings:
The short coming for this test is also the same as for PGS.
PGS and PGD are both advanced technologies in assisted reproduction and both help to improve success rates in IVF procedure. While PGS is used to eliminate aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome numbers); PGD helps eliminate genetic disorders. All good IVF clinics these days have embryo culture and vitrification technology in place to improve success rates. Both these technologies along with PGS and PGD are great help to improve IVF success rates. PGS/PGD may not be necessary in most cases but in repeated IVF failure cases it helps to find healthy embryos for implantation.
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Feeling very happy to have this type of experience. Just because of (IVF) we got twince babies in our life. Thanks you so much Dr. Anoop Gupta and his team. Thanks
First of all thanks to Delhi IVF centre & it’s all staff to bring happiest moment of our life. We feels proud every time we are here. One of the Best IVF centre I have visited ever. Staff is very co-operative. If someone will ask for IVF centre reference then definitely my answer will be Delhi IVF centre.
मेने डॉ. साहब का दिल से धन्यवाद करती हूँ क्यूंकि डॉ. साहब की कोशिश से हमारा सपना पूरा हुआ है | मुझे एक प्यारी सी बेटी की माँ बनने का सपना पूरा हुआ | मै बहुत खुश हूँ
We are so happy for the treatment of Dr. Gupta. We have so many problem in India before I tried many hospital for my wife and i found Delhi IVF. Thank you so much to the all team everyone was friendly with us. All the best for everyone.
I had the opportuned to see you early this year as regards my infertility problem and i am proud to inform you that i was delivered yesterday by C-section of a healthy 3.2 kg baby girl!!!! Many thanks to you, your lovely wife Dr. Alka and your dedicated management team. May God continue to bless you and the works of your hand.
Dear Dr. Anoop Gupta, & Team Greetings !!! Thanks You Once Again for changing our lives with your professional team and today we are living a happy and contented life as we got a gift with your efforts and medicines and our little Baby Girl Aaira was born on 20th February 2017 and our Family in now complete. My another friend Mr. Amin has shown his interest to visit your clinic and he wants to meet you and he has a great desire to have his treatment in your clinic.
Dear Dr. Aastha, Dr. Gupta and Team Hi from italy… I am so happy today Really want to thanks you. You’re so wonderful I had laparoscopy fibroid surgery few months ago. I went to see my doctor here in my country today and all my fibroids are gone. You have a done my surgery so sincerely you’re such a good human being can’t thank you enough I am so happy i had 2 surgeries earlier here in my city and both times I didn’t get better and it was the same. Now I am so happy May God Bless you
After long time my wishes fulfill. Thanks to Delhi IVF & Dr. Anoop Gupta & his team for giving me & my husband such a beautiful gift. Thank you very much.
Feeling very happy to have this type of experience. Just because of (IVF) we got twince babies in our life. Thanks you so much Dr. Anoop Gupta and his team. Thanks
Thank you to Dr. Anoop and his incredible team at Delhi IVF for bringing this bundle of joy to our family after a very long time.